Documentation:The Final Frontier.
Note: Today’s post is a guest post! Ava Marie George, CMT, AHDI-F, AHDI Director, works as a professor at Davenport University in Lansing, Michigan, and as an Independent Contractor for Covenant Healthcare in Saginaw, Michigan. She lives in Haslett, Michigan with her husband, three children, and two dogs. (P.S. – What she did not include here is that she is a brand new CMT, and she was also recently elected as AHDI’s President Elect, an office she will assume in August!) Thanks, Ava, for doing this and for giving us lots to think about.
Be vocal, be involved, and be heard!
When it comes to the role that we play in clinical documentation, where you were is where you are and where you’ll always be. Now, if you’re a positive person, this is an affirming statement. It confirms our role in providing accurate and complete documentation that is meaningful to our patients first and to our profession second. America is currently engaged in passionate conversation with respect to healthcare reform. The critical and pivot point is in the discussion of “meaningful use” of EHRs with the technology companies vying for the moniker of “America’s EHR provider.” There has never been a time in our history when we, the documentation specialists and transcription industry, need to work together to keep the conversation directed towards the importance of the patient’s healthcare story within and despite technology.
Preservation of the narrative must be included in the meaningful use rule especially with respect to the EHR. Consider this…more than 1.2 billion clinical records are produced in the United States each year and of those, 60% are documented using traditional dictation to transcription method. The technology available today including check off, point and click, pull down, and other stripped forms of templated documentation do not adequately capture the critical patient information that is needed to treat, communicate, code, or bill. There is no other form of data capture that expresses the complex patient story better than narrative dictation.
So, how do we participate? We join and actively participate in our association. We align ourselves with other associations who are just as vested in the healthcare story. We build those bridges and partnerships between associations and begin to speak for ourselves with larger, louder voices. We step out of our comfort zones, from behind our keyboards, take off our headsets, and involve ourselves directly in the conversation wherever we can. We no longer ask to be invited to the table. We need to impress upon those in Washington the fact that physician-driven data entry is costing health care time and money. Ask the question: Why is the government promoting using our highest paid physicians, who do not have the expertise in documentation and data capture, to input clinical data? Our physicians, nurses, and other specialists are better deployed in frontline care rather than burdened with capturing the patient story within an EHR.
Healthcare documentation specialists are critical to effective capture of health information because we understand the diagnostic process and the complex story-telling of patient care. We provide risk management support and oversight to ensure health encounters are captured accurately and are able to identify error/inconsistency in the record as well as support pay-for-performance goals through documentation improvement measures. We know how to apply data capture standards that ensure health information is available at point of care for clinical decision-making. We integrate documentation seamlessly with data capture technologies, such as EHRs and speech recognition technology (SRT) solutions because we have used these technologies for years and are the experts in the field. We partner with physicians to document care encounters in a way that frees up providers for hands-on patient care.
The technology of the future is beginning to arrive on the scene. We are not at the level depicted in science fiction, but we can use the documentation technology tools we have now in the most effective and professional manner. It is up to us to protect the patient through our expert clinical documentation, collection, and oversight of the clinical record. Happy Medical Transcription Week 2010!
MT Puzzler: Today’s prizes will be a Stedman’s Orthopedic Word Book and one registration for the HIPAA for the IC course at HIPAA4MT. Remember, to be eligible to win, you must make a comment here on the post, and post it to your Facebook, Twitter, or other place online and invite other MTs to join us. Good luck and happy hunting!
What disorder in its advanced stage gives the cranium a “hair-on-end” appearance on radiography?
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Margaret A. Hollar, DO
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1From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY. Received June 28, 1999; revision requested August 16; revision received February 11, 2000; accepted February 28. Address correspondence to the author, Department of Radiology, Montgomery Hospital, 1301 Powell St, PO Box 992, Norristown, PA 19404-0992 (e-mail: dobrain@hotmail.com).
Anemia, 11.65Signs in ImagingSkull, abnormalities, 11.65
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The hair-on-end sign is a finding seen in the diploic space on skull radiographs (Fig 1) and has the appearance of long, thin vertical striations that look like hair standing on end. Similar appearances can be seen at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (Fig 2) and computed tomography (1,2).
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Download as PowerPoint SlideFigure 1. Sagittal skull radiograph of a 5-year-old boy with thalassemia major. Marked vertical striations (arrows) give the appearance of hair standing on end.
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Download as PowerPoint SlideFigure 2. Sagittal T1-weighted (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 500/20) MR image in a 10-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia. There is marked widening of the diploic space containing alternating bands (arrows) of hypointense trabeculae and hyperintense marrow.
Previous SectionNext SectionEXPLANATION
The skull alterations are due to overactivity of the red marrow in response to anemia. This marrow hyperplasia widens the diploic space and thins the outer table. There is trabecular destruction with thickening of the residual trabeculae. The trabecular pattern within the diploë may sometimes be arranged perpendicular to the curvature of the cranial vault. The alternating opaque, thickened trabeculae and radiolucent marrow hyperplasia produce the hair-on-end appearance (3).
Previous SectionNext SectionDISCUSSION
Like the changes in the axial and appendicular skeleton, skull abnormalities in patients with anemia are produced by cellular hyperplasia, circulatory factors, or a combination of both (4). The lesions caused by red marrow hyperplasia, such as expansion of the diploë, thinning of the outer table, and vertical trabeculations (hair-on-end signs), have been described by investigators as being seen in patients with thalassemia major, iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, and spherocytosis (3–5).
The skull changes are more consistently severe in patients with thalassemia major (Fig 1) than in those with any other condition that produces marrow hyperplasia (5). In a study of 60 patients (aged 11–16 years) with thalassemia, Wisetsin (6) observed that five (8.3%) had hair-on-end appearance. Red marrow hyperplasia causes widening of the diploic space, and the outer table thins or is completely obliterated. When the hyperplastic marrow perforates or destroys the outer table, it proliferates under the invisible periosteum, and new bone spicules are laid down perpendicular to the inner table (5).
Bone changes in patients with chronic iron deficiency anemia are usually seen in children and, in the United States, tend to be confined to the skull. These patients exhibit the hair-on-end sign.
Sebes and Diggs (4) reported that among 194 patients (aged 4 months to 55 years) with sickle cell disease, skull radiographs of 10 (5%) revealed vertical striations, termed hair-on-end appearance (Fig 2). This appearance was not seen before the age of 5 years (2). The classic hair-on-end sign was recognized only when thin spicules were observed. There was no correlation between the prominence of this finding and the clinical course of the disease, nor was there a consistency or relationship connecting onset, progression, and severity of the anemia (4).
It is debatable whether the hair-on-end sign may be reversed following treatment of anemia. Moseley (5) reported that resolution of the hair-on-end appearance following treatment begins with the development of a new, compact outer table of the skull. Some radial spicules may remain even after the new outer Table is formed, but eventually the spicules disappear and the size of the diploic space, while still wider than normal, is decreased. However, Sebes and Diggs (4) subsequently reported that the hair-on-end sign persisted without regression in all patients observed from 2½ months to 22 years. His group failed to confirm the reversibility of the hair-on-end changes as previously reported by Moseley.
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A trainee (resident or fellow) wishing to submit a manuscript for Signs in Imaging should first write to the Editor for approval of the sign to be prepared, to avoid duplicate preparation of the same sign.
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1.↵Murphy KJ. Skull abnormalities on MR of children with sickle cell disease (letter). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18:596.2.↵Fernandez M, Slovis TL, Whitten-Shurney W. Maxillary sinus marrow hyperplasia in sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Radiol 1995; 25:209-211.3.↵Williams AO, Lagundoye SB, Johnson CL. Lamellation of the diploe in the skulls of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Arch Dis Child 1975; 50:948-952.4.↵Sebes JI, Diggs LW. Radiographic changes of the skull in sickle cell anemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979; 132:373-377.5.↵Moseley JE. Skeletal changes in the anemias. Semin Roentgenol 1974; 3:169-183.6.↵Wisetsin S. Cephalography in thalassemic patients. J Dent Assoc Thai 1990; 40:260-268.myRSNACiteULikeComploreConnoteaDel.icio.usDiggTwitterFacebookWhat’s this?
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B. M. Rothschild andM. A. Hollar
Hair Standing on End as a Manifestation of Iron Deficiency? * Dr Hollar responds:
Radiology August 1, 2002 224:609-610
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[Reply]
I think it might be Thalassemia major.
[Reply]
Chronic hemolytic anemias give the cranium a “hair-on-end” appearance in radiologic studies.
[Reply]
This is going to get long. I take back my previous input.
(1) Bruce M. Rothschild, MD, says that the hair-on-end sign cannot be attributed to chronic iron deficiency anemia but instead reflects a hyperregenerative marrow. (Also, just for information, “hair standing on end” in the web article I just finished reading is also known as “porotic hyperostosis.”
(2) Second site: This is a long one!
The Hair-on-End Sign by Margaret A. Hollar, DO + Author Affiliations (From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY)
APPEARANCE: The hair-on-end sign is a finding seen in the diploic space on skull radiographs (Fig 1) and has the appearance of long, thin vertical striations that look like hair standing on end. Similar appearances can be seen at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (Fig 2) and computed tomography (1,2).
Slide Figure 1 shows sagittal skull radiograph of a 5-year-old boy with thalassemia major. Marked vertical striations give the appearance of hair standing on end.
Slide Figure 2 shows sagittal T1-weighted (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 500/20) MR image in a 10-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia. There is marked widening of the diploic space containing alternating bands (arrows) of hypointense trabeculae and hyperintense marrow.
EXPLANATION: The skull alterations are due to overactivity of the red marrow in response to anemia. This marrow hyperplasia widens the diploic space and thins the outer table. There is trabecular destruction with thickening of the residual trabeculae. The trabecular pattern within the diploë may sometimes be arranged perpendicular to the curvature of the cranial vault. The alternating opaque, thickened trabeculae and radiolucent marrow hyperplasia produce the hair-on-end appearance (3).
DISCUSSION: Like the changes in the axial and appendicular skeleton, skull abnormalities in patients with anemia are produced by cellular hyperplasia, circulatory factors, or a combination of both (4). The lesions caused by red marrow hyperplasia, such as expansion of the diploë, thinning of the outer table, and vertical trabeculations (hair-on-end signs), have been described by investigators as being seen in patients with thalassemia major, iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, and spherocytosis (3–5). The skull changes are more consistently severe in patients with thalassemia major (Fig 1) than in those with any other condition that produces marrow hyperplasia (5). In a study of 60 patients (aged 11–16 years) with thalassemia, Wisetsin (6) observed that five (8.3%) had hair-on-end appearance. Red marrow hyperplasia causes widening of the diploic space, and the outer table thins or is completely obliterated. When the hyperplastic marrow perforates or destroys the outer table, it proliferates under the invisible periosteum, and new bone spicules are laid down perpendicular to the inner table (5). Bone changes in patients with chronic iron deficiency anemia are usually seen in children and, in the United States, tend to be confined to the skull. These patients exhibit the hair-on-end sign. Sebes and Diggs (4) reported that among 194 patients (aged 4 months to 55 years) with sickle cell disease, skull radiographs of 10 (5%) revealed vertical striations, termed hair-on-end appearance (Fig 2). This appearance was not seen before the age of 5 years (2). The classic hair-on-end sign was recognized only when thin spicules were observed. There was no correlation between the prominence of this finding and the clinical course of the disease, nor was there a consistency or relationship connecting onset, progression, and severity of the anemia (4).
It is debatable whether the hair-on-end sign may be reversed following treatment of anemia. Moseley (5) reported that resolution of the hair-on-end appearance following treatment begins with the development of a new, compact outer table of the skull. Some radial spicules may remain even after the new outer Table is formed, but eventually the spicules disappear and the size of the diploic space, while still wider than normal, is decreased. However, Sebes and Diggs (4) subsequently reported that the hair-on-end sign persisted without regression in all patients observed from 2½ months to 22 years. His group failed to confirm the reversibility of the hair-on-end changes as previously reported by Moseley.
The article is much longer than this, but I think that’s enough to put here. For “credits,” I will include their bibliography section below.
↵Murphy KJ. Skull abnormalities on MR of children with sickle cell disease (letter). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18:596.
↵Fernandez M, Slovis TL, Whitten-Shurney W. Maxillary sinus marrow hyperplasia in sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Radiol 1995; 25:209-211.
↵Williams AO, Lagundoye SB, Johnson CL. Lamellation of the diploe in the skulls of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Arch Dis Child 1975; 50:948-952.
↵Sebes JI, Diggs LW. Radiographic changes of the skull in sickle cell anemia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1979; 132:373-377.
↵Moseley JE. Skeletal changes in the anemias. Semin Roentgenol 1974; 3:169-183.
↵Wisetsin S. Cephalography in thalassemic patients. J Dent Assoc Thai 1990; 40:260-268.
Hope this wasn’t “abuse” of this site of some sort if that is how this is perceived. My apologies, as no abuse was intended.
[Reply]
“Why is the government promoting using our highest paid physicians, who do not have the expertise in documentation and data capture, to input clinical data?” Excellent question. Reminds me of something one of our docs said when he started having to use those pull-down menus and do some typing of information: “I am a doctor. I am not a scribe.” In some ways, that is the best argument we can make – the financial one. Makes an MT want to say, “Hey, you think I make too much money? How much do you think that MD is being paid for taking 30 minutes to type in data that it would have taken me 10 minutes to transcribe?” LOL
[Reply]
Thin fine linear extensions radiating out from the skull that look on an X-ray like hair standing “on-end” from the skull, an appearance associated with hemolytic anemias such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
The “hair” represents the accentuated trabeculae extending between the inner and outer skull tables through the diploe in the expanded bone marrow space (because the bone marrow has expanded due to the excessive breakdown of red blood cells). The “hair” appears to be “on end” because the trabeculae are oriented perpendicular to the inner and outer tables of the skull.
[Reply]
My personal experience happened at an Air Force base while I was in the midst of studying for a mid-term exam for my medical transcription course. I always brought my books and study guides with me due to the long waits for the doctor to enter the exam room. The admitting nurse asked what I was studying and her response to my answer was, “Oh, you’re not going to have much of a career in transcription, everything is being typed into the computer by the doctors now.” Sure enough, my doctor spent the better part of my appointment facing the computer and typing my whole visit into that box. I was horrified.
I have always felt reassured that my chosen career is still valid and needed, through my associations with other MTs and articles like today’s guest post. This just reaffirms that we, as MTs, need to be vigilant and aggressive in our response to our government’s push towards having physician’s and SRTs take over this important and critical information that puts our health on the line.
[Reply]
I want to note that I joined our local association at the end of last year. It is uncertain at this time whether our group will merge with another or disband due to low membership. I had planned to go to the spring session and would have carpooled with another lady, and it would have been about a 3-hour-each-way trip; the meeting ended up getting cancelled! I’m beginning to wonder if there is a type of membership a person can have where your participation can be online? It may be that will be the way I have to go if it means travelling extensive miles over a many-hour period of time because our small chapter disbands. Even if it MERGES with another group, unless I can count on carpooling with someone else, even if it means chipping in for the gas, etc., I think there has to be an online “at-large” (for lack of a better term) membership for participation in important discussions, votes, questions that involve my professional career. I would guess that like most (or all) of the rest of you, I’ve spent many thousands of dollars for education and supplies, spent countless hours doing the work–I want and think I need to be involved, but logistically I have to put some type of limits on how far I physically go to attend meetings and things like that. Does anyone know anything about online association memberships?
[Reply]
Lisa,
I do not live on a military base, but when I went to the doctor earlier this month she spent most of her time entering everything into a computer. I do know that she used to be a transcriptionist while she was in medical school but even she said the EMR is both a blessing and a curse. I felt that the appointment was very impersonal as compared to the ones I had had with her before. I did suggest that their practice might consider hiring scribes so the doctors can keep their visits a little more personal, but I know that will not happen because that costs extra money.
Sherry, I agree with you that it is very hard to be involved with an association in person because of time and travel expenses. However, having said that, I am the current president of the TRSi Chapter of AHDI and is only for current or past graduates of TRS Institute, and I can tell you that there are problems with a virtual Chapter as well. We line up speakers for our meetings that can provide relevant and useful information for the members and so far the Chapter has been doing a pretty good job on that, but members still have to attend the meetings. From experience, I know that it is hard to do all of the course work, some people still have jobs, and some of us are currently working. When it comes time to elect new Board members people are very reluctant to become involved, but if we do not stay involved and continue to educate ourselves as MTs we will not be able to keep up in the current marketplace. I worked as an insurance agent for 17 years and we had to keep our licenses current with continuing education classes because of the need to stay current and informed to better serve our clients. I think that as MTs we also need to continue our education all of the time, learn the new technology as it comes, and embrace it. Time never stands still, it only moves forward and I know that MTs have to move forward with it.
[Reply]
Kathy Reply:
May 21st, 2010 at 12:16 pm
One of the things you might consider if you don’t have a local chapter of AHDI close to you is joining the Online association. Even if you already belong somewhere else, you can still be a member of the online association and they do seem to be a pretty active group. Lisa Farragut, who is on here, is a member and I hope she will post more information for you about how you can be in touch with them!
[Reply]
Make no mistake, if we continue to HAVE a local chapter, I will stay involved with them. If we end up merging with another chapter and I can carpool with someone else, I’ll do that when I can. I was VERY disappointed that the spring meeting was cancelled. I think it’s difficult when there are only 4 meetings a year to begin cancelling them like that when people have been making their plans to attend, ESPECIALLY if you are in an area where membership is low, and participation among the members that you DO have is slowing down because they’re just getting TIRED of doing all the jobs required of the people who are members. I know that our local chapter president, or whatever her title is, has done it for 2 consecutive terms and she says she is NOT going to do it again, although she will be glad to help whoever takes the job (and that is “help” on a fairly limited basis or else she might as well keep doing it, you know?). Still, I would like information on online just in case. Thanks, Kathy.
[Reply]
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[Reply]